We know Earth is a gigantic and spectacular livable planet in the universe. It is the third planet from the Sun and is the fifth largest planet in the solar system. The Sun is at a distance of about 93 million miles from the Earth. Earth orbits the sun in the solar system. Earth supports life since it contains 78 percent nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen, and 1 percent other gases.
Earth undergoes rotation and revolution around the sun. In this article, let us discuss in detail about the Earth’s rotation and revolution. Before that let us know what is meant by axis. We have heard that Earth spins around its axis. Axis is the imaginary line that passes through the center of the Earth and goes through both the north pole and the south pole.
This spinning movement of the earth about its axis is known as Earth’s rotation. The movement of the Earth around the Sun in a fixed path is called a revolution. The Earth completes one revolution around the Sun in 365.242 days or in one year. Earth’s rotation is the main reason for the tides in the oceans and changes in the season. The rotation of the earth on its own axis and the revolution of the earth around the sun cause day and night effects. The rotational tilt of the earth on its axis when it revolves around the sun causes the change in seasons. Let us know the difference between rotation and revolution of the Earth and also know about the Coriolis Effect.
Difference Between Rotation and Revolution of the Earth
| Earth’s Rotation | Earth’s Revolution |
| The spinning motion of Earth about its axis is known as Earth’s Rotation. | The orbital motion of the Earth around the sun is known as Earth’s Revolution. |
| The Earth takes 24 hours to complete one rotation with respect to the sun. | The Earth takes 365 days or a year for one complete revolution around the Sun. |
| Rotation of earth takes place from west to east, which causes day and night. | The Revolution of the earth takes place in a counterclockwise direction, which causes seasons. |
| There is no change in the position of the Earth. | There is a change in the position of the Earth. |
Coriolis Effect and Coriolis Force
The pattern of deflection taken by objects not firmly connected to the ground as they travel long distances around the Earth is known as the Coriolis Effect. Coriolis effect is caused by the unseen force known as Coriolis force. It is the force that seems to deflect the objects and is obtained by the rate of rotation and mass of the object.
Coriolis force is caused by the earth’s rotation and is responsible for the deflection of winds towards the southern and the northern hemispheres. The deflection is high when the wind velocity is high. Coriolis force is not present at the equator and is maximum at the poles.
The rotation of the earth is 0.00008 kilometers/hour when measured near the poles. Around the equator, the Earth rotates at 1,600 kilometers/hour. Hence, we can say that the Earth rotates faster at the equator. This effect is the main cause for the Coriolis Effect. The Coriolis effect was described in the year 1835, by the French engineer-mathematician Gustave-Gaspard Coriolis.
Hope you understood the Earth’s rotation and revolution along with the Coriolis Effect in detail.
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